# DSIP References: The Cited Research Literature

> DSIP references — the full, sourced list of peer-reviewed studies cited across this delta sleep-inducing peptide research digest, with DOIs and PubMed links.

The complete list of peer-reviewed sources behind the claims on this site, with DOIs and PubMed links.

## About these references

Every quantitative claim across this DSIP digest is tied to a numbered source below, drawn from the peer-reviewed literature — PubMed-indexed journals including PNAS, the Journal of Neurochemistry, Peptides, and others. The list runs from the 1977 isolation paper to a 2024 study of an engineered DSIP fusion peptide. Where a study is paywalled, the DOI and PubMed link still let you locate the abstract and citation. The full reference details are listed in the sources section that follows.

## References

[1] Schoenenberger GA, Monnier M. Characterization of a delta-electroencephalogram (-sleep)-inducing peptide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977;74(3):1282-1286. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/265572/
[2] Schneider-Helmert D, et al. The influence of synthetic DSIP (delta-sleep-inducing-peptide) on disturbed human sleep. Experientia. 1981;37(8):913-914. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7028502/
[3] Kovalzon VM, Strekalova TV. Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): a still unresolved riddle. J Neurochem. 2006;97(2):303-309. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16539679/
[4] Bjartell A, Ekman R, Bergquist S, Widerlov E. Reduction of immunoreactive ACTH in plasma following intravenous injection of delta sleep-inducing peptide in man. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1989;14(5):347-355. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2554357/
[5] Popovich IG, Voitenkov BO, Anisimov VN, et al. Effect of delta-sleep inducing peptide-containing preparation Deltaran on biomarkers of aging, life span and spontaneous tumor incidence in female SHR mice. Mech Ageing Dev. 2003;124(6):721-731. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12782416/
[6] Mu X, Qu L, Yin L, Wang L, Liu X, Liu D. Pichia pastoris secreted peptides crossing the blood-brain barrier and DSIP fusion peptide efficacy in PCPA-induced insomnia mouse models. Front Pharmacol. 2024;15:1439536. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39444618/
[7] Sudakov KV, et al. The effects of delta sleep-inducing peptide on incidence and severity in metaphit-induced epilepsy in rats. Pharmacol Res. 2002;45(3):237-243. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11884222/
[8] Khvatova EM, et al. Delta sleep inducing peptide (DSIP): effect on respiration activity in rat brain mitochondria and stress protective potency under experimental hypoxia. Peptides. 2003;24(2):307-311. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12668217/
[9] Khvatova EM, et al. Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide Recovers Motor Function in SD Rats after Focal Stroke. Molecules. 2021;26(17):5173. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34500605/
[10] Bjorkman ST, et al. DSIP-Like KND Peptide Reduces Brain Infarction in C57Bl/6 and Reduces Myocardial Infarction in SD Rats When Administered during Reperfusion. Biomedicines. 2021;9(4):407. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33918965/
[11] Khvatova EM, Rubanova NA, Prudchenko IA, Mikhaleva II. Effects of delta-sleep inducing peptide (DSIP) and some analogues on the activity of monoamine oxidase type A in rat brain under hypoxia stress. FEBS Lett. 1995;368:367-369. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7628639/
[12] Tsunashima K, Masui A, Kato N. The effect of delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) and phosphorylated DSIP (P-DSIP) on the apomorphine-induced hypothermia in rats. Brain Res. 1990;510:171-174. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2322843/
[13] Bjartell A, Castro MG, Ekman R, Sundler F, Widerlöv E, Loh YP. Immunoreactive delta sleep-inducing peptide secretion from mouse dissociated, anterior pituitary cells: regulation by corticotropin-releasing factor and arginine vasopressin. Neuroendocrinology. 1989;50:564-569. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2558325/
[14] Bjartell A, Ekman R, Hedenbro J, Sjölund K, Sundler F. Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP)-like immunoreactivity in gut: coexistence with known peptide hormones. Peptides. 1989;10:163-170. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2664725/
[15] Ahlman H, Ahlund L, Nilsson O, Dahlström A, Bjartell A, Ekman R. Coexistence of delta sleep-inducing peptide and serotonin in midgut carcinoid tumour cells in vivo and in vitro. Int J Cancer. 1989;44:641-647. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2793237/

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A calm, plain-English reading of the DSIP record — the deep-sleep delta waves that named it logged where the studies show them, the missing receptor and the frequent non-responses kept in full view, and the community reports pinned to one side as anecdote; no clinic behind the name and nothing here dosed, supplied, or sold.